Biosigurnost u lancu proizvodnje hrane : podrška proizvođačima ili zaštita potrošača?

Abstract

Bezbednost hrane, kao segment u zaštiti javnog zdravlja, predstavlja jedan od glavnih ciljeva u obezbeđivanju zdravlja ljudske populacije. Međutim, bezbednost hrane je ugrožena širom sveta sukobima, političkom nestabilnošću ili ekonomskim krizama, kako u razvijenim zemljama tako i u zemljama u razvoju. Odgovarajuća brojnost populacije gajenih životinja, industrijskih i tradicionalnih proizvoda, predstavljaju ključni faktor u obezbeđivanju dostupnosti hrane. Mere biološkog osiguranja poboljšavaju dobrobit životinja, smanjujući pojavu bolesti koje ugrožavaju stabilnost i izazivaju oscilacije u dostupnosti proizvoda od mesa i životinjskih proizvoda kao što su mleko, jaja i med. Biosigurnost je ključni uslov za postizanje ciljeva u promovisanju, razvoju i jačanju politike i regulatornih okvira za hranu, poljoprivredu, ribarstvo i šumarstvo. Direktno je povezana sa bezbednošću hrane, o«uvanjem životne sredine i održivosti poljoprivrede. Nedostatak biosigurnosnih mera utiče negativno na sve političke i regulatorne okvire. Stoga znanje o glavnim alatima garantuju sigurnost i omogućuje praktičnu primenu koja povećava isplativost i poboljšava doslednost u svim sektorima. U razvijenim zemljama, sami potrošači zahtevaju sigurnost i bezbednost hrane koju konzumiraju, koja je povezana sa socijalnim uticajem kao što je bilo prisustvo melamina u mleku ili pak pojava salmonele u hrani za decu koje su dovele do toga da se uvedu rigoroznije mere bezbednosti hrane kako bi se sprečilo oboljevanje ljudi usled konzumiranja kontaminiranih proizvoda. Rastuće interesovanje za biosigurnost rezultat je velikih međunarodnih dešavanja kao što su globalizacija svetske ekonomije, nagli porast obima komunikacija, transporta i trgovine, tehnološki napredak i rastuća svest o problemima sa kojima se suočava biološka raznolikost i životna sredina. Razvoj biosigurnosnih mera u proizvodnji hrane i poljoprivredi uključuju tendenciju ka integraciji i saradnji između više sektora.

Food safety, as a segment in the protection of public health, represents one of the main goals in ensuring the health of the human population. However, food security is threatened worldwide by conϔlicts, political instability or economic crises, both in developed and developing countries. Adequate population numbers of farmed animals, industrial and traditional products are a key factor in ensuring the availability of food. Biosecurity measures improve animal welfare, reducing the occurrence of diseases that threaten stability and cause ϔluctuations in the availability of meat products and animal products such as milk, eggs and honey. Biosecurity is a key condition for achieving goals in promoting, developing and strengthening policy and regulatory frameworks for food, agriculture, ϔisheries and forestry. It is directly related to food safety, environmental protection and agricultural sustainability. The lack of biosecurity measures has a negative impact on all political and regulatory frameworks. Therefore, knowledge of the main tools guarantees safety and enables practical application that increases proϔitability and improves consistency in all sectors. In developed countries, consumers themselves demand the safety and security of the food they consume, which is linked to social impacts such as the presence of melamine in milk or the appearance of salmonella in baby food that have led to the introduction of more rigorous food safety measures in order to prevented people from falling ill due to the consumption of contaminated products. The growing interest in biosecurity is the result of major international developments such as the globalization of the world economy, the rapid increase in the volume of communications, transport and trade, technological progress and the growing awareness of the problems facing biodiversity and the environment. The development of biosecurity measures in food production and agriculture includes a tendency towards integration and cooperation between multiple sectors.