Parazitska kontaminacija parkova u Beogradu – rezultati desetogodišnjeg ispitivanja (2010-2020)

Abstract

U cilju praćenja parazitske kontaminiranosti parkovskih i drugih zelenih površina Beograda od 1993. vrše se kontinuirano praćenja njihove zagađenosti. Pregledi se rade na četiri centralne gradske opštine - Stari Grad, Palilula, Vračar i Savski Venac gde se nalaze najviše parkovi u gradu. U radu dajemo prikaz rezultata kontaminiranosti parkovskih površina tokom desetogodišnjeg ispitivanja vršenog u periodu 2010-2020. Uzorci se prikupljaju u periodu april-septembar na osnovu klimatskih uslova koji vladaju na području Beograda (vodeći se metodom bioklimatograma po Uvarovu koji za komponentu ima temperaturu i vlažnost zemljišta u prosečnim vrednostima za ispitivano područje). Svake godine je iz istih parkova uziman isti broj uzoraka (64 uzoraka godišnje) koji su pregledani sedimentacionoflotacionim metodama. Determinacija jaja parazita je vršena morfometrijskom analizom. U navedenom periodu, na osnovu analiza koje su predočene nadležnim službama Beograda, grad je uložio sredstva za kontrolu i sanaciju ovog problema uvođenjem dog-pot korpi i pet zona (parkova za pse). Konačno, 2011.godine usvojena je Strategija rešavanja problema nevlasničkih pasa i mačaka na području grada Beograda. Prosečna kontaminiranost parkova je u toku 2010 iznosila 39.06% da bi se 2020 spustila na 26.68 %. Tokom ovih deset godina prosečan procenat ustanovljenih jaja Toxocara canis je bio 29.68%, Ancylostomidae sp. 27.18%, Dipyllidium caninum 26.56%, Strongyloides stercoralis 7.81%, Toxascaris leonina 6.97%, Taenia sp. 6.25% i Trichuris vulpis 4.68%. Giardia duodenalis je ustanovljena u 15.62%, Amoeba sp. u11,06%, Isospora spp. u 9.36% i Cryptosporidium sp. u 3.37%. I pored vidnog poboljšanja, posmatrano sa epidemiološkog aspekta rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na realnu mogućnost humanih infekcija na prostorima većine gradskih parkova.

In order to monitor the parasitic contamination of parks and other green areas in Belgrade, continuous monitoring of their pollution has been carried out since 1993. Inspections are carried out in four central city municipalities - Stari Grad, Palilula, Vračar and Savski Venac, where there are the most parks in the city. In this paper, we present the results of the contamination of the park's surfaces during a ten-year survey conducted in the period 2010-2020. Samples are collected in the period AprilSeptember based on the climatic conditions that prevail in the area of Belgrade (using the bioclimatogram method according to Uvarov, which has as a component the temperature and humidity of the soil in average values for the examined area). Every year, the same number of samples (64 samples per year) were taken from the same parks and examined by sedimentation-flotation methods. Determination of parasite eggs was performed by morphometric analysis. In the mentioned period, based on the analyses presented to the competent services of Belgrade, the city invested funds to control and rehabilitate this problem by introducing dog-pot baskets and five zones (dog parks). Finally, in 2011, the Strategy for solving the problem of stray dogs and cats in the area of the city of Belgrade was adopted. The average contamination of the parks in 2010 was 39.06%, and in 2020 it will drop to 26.68%. During these ten years, the average percentage of established eggs of Toxocara canis was 29.68%, Ancylostomidae sp. 27.18%, Dipyllidium caninum 26.56%, Strongyloides stercoralis 7.81%, Toxascaris leonina 6.97%, Taenia sp. 6.25% and Trichuris vulpis 4.68%. Giardia duodenalis was found in 15.62%, Amoeba sp. in 11.06%, Isospora spp. in 9.36% and Cryptosporidium sp. in 3.37%. Despite the visible improvement, from an epidemiological point of view, the research results indicate a real possibility of human infections in the areas of most city parks.