Pregled kvaliteta hrane za goveda
Survey of quality of bovine feeds
Апстракт
U radu su prikazani rezultati analize hemijskog sastava 220 uzoraka mikrobiološke analize 204 uzorka i mikotoksikološke analize 27 uzoraka hrane namenjene za različite kategorije goveda. Hrana je pristizala u ovlašćene laboratorije na kontrolu sa teritorije Republike Srbije u periodu od 1993. do 2003. godine. Analizom smeša za ishranu goveda, od ukupno 202 uzorka utvrđeno je da čak u 71 slučaju smeše ne ispunjavaju uslove kvaliteta u pogledu sadržaja proteina predviđenog zakonskom regulativom, a najveći stepen odstupanja utvrđenje u smešama za tov junadi I. Ispitivanjem sadržaja Ca i P utvrđeno je da u velikom broju slučajeva smeše sadrže nedovoljne ili nedozvoljene količine ovih makroelemenata. Ispitivanjem sadržaja celuloze utvrđeno je da u izvesnom broju slučajeva smeše sadrže količine koje su iznad zakonskih limita, a u velikom broju, iako odgovaraju Pravilniku, i nedovoljne količine. Broj saprofitskih bakterija vrlo varira, ali su svi pregledani uzorci sadržali dozvoljen broj sapr...ofitskih bakterija. Determinacijom bakterija najčešće su izolovani Bacillus spp., koliformne bakterije Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. i Proteus spp. Većina ispitivanih uzoraka za ishranu goveda sadržala je dozvoljen broj klostridija, a u manjem broju uzoraka, uglavnom za junad, utvrđen je nedozvoljen broj klostridija. Broj gljivica plesni u smešama je značajno povećan, naročito u smešama za ishranu mladih životinja. Determinacijom plesni najčešće su izolovani Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. i Rhisopus spp. Od 27 analiziranih smeša na prisustvo mikotoksina u dozvoljenim granicama je bilo svega 59.3 posto smeša, pri čemu je neophodno da se istakne da u proteklom periodu uopšte smeše za telad nisu mikotoksikološki ispitivane. Najčešće prisutni mikotoksini su zearalenon i ohratoksin.
The paper presents the results of the analyses of the chemical composition of 220 samples, microbiological analyses of 204 samples, and mycotoxicological analyses of 27 samples of bovine feeds for different categories of cattle which arrived for control at authorized laboratories from the territory of the Republic of Serbia during the period from 1993 until 2003. The analyses of 202 bovine feed mix samples showed that as many as 71 feed mixes do not meet the quality condition on protein content envisaged by legal regulations and the highest discrepancy was determined in feed mixes for heifers. Analyses of Ca and P contents showed that the mixes in a large number of cases contain insufficient or not permitted quantities. The analyses of fiber content showed in a certain number of samples that the mixes contain quantities which are above legal regulations, and in a large number of cases insufficient quantities, although legally adequate. The number of saprophytic bacteria greatly varied,... but all examined samples contained a permitted number of saprophytic bacteria. These analyses most often isolated Bacillus spp., colyform bacterias, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus spp. Most examined samples contained a permitted number of Clostridia, and a smaller number of samples, mostly for heifers, showed an impermissible number of Clostridia. The quantity of mold fungi in mixes was significantly higher especially in mixes for young animals. The determination of fungi most frequently resulted in the isolation of Penicillium spp., Mucor spp. Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Rhisopus spp. The mycotoxin analyses of 27 feed mixes showed that only 59.3% were within permitted levels, but it is important to emphasize that mixes for calves were not mycotoxicologically tested at all. The mycotoxins most often present were zearalenone and ochratoxin.
Кључне речи:
kvalitet / hrana / goveda / quality / feed / cattleИзвор:
Veterinarski glasnik, 2003, 57, 7-8, 429-438Издавач:
- Beograd : Fakultet veterinarske medicine
Институција/група
Naučni institut za veterinarstvo SrbijeTY - JOUR AU - Jakić-Dimić, Dobrila AU - Nešić, Ksenija AU - Sinovec, Zlatan J. PY - 2003 UR - https://reponivs.nivs.rs/handle/123456789/41 AB - U radu su prikazani rezultati analize hemijskog sastava 220 uzoraka mikrobiološke analize 204 uzorka i mikotoksikološke analize 27 uzoraka hrane namenjene za različite kategorije goveda. Hrana je pristizala u ovlašćene laboratorije na kontrolu sa teritorije Republike Srbije u periodu od 1993. do 2003. godine. Analizom smeša za ishranu goveda, od ukupno 202 uzorka utvrđeno je da čak u 71 slučaju smeše ne ispunjavaju uslove kvaliteta u pogledu sadržaja proteina predviđenog zakonskom regulativom, a najveći stepen odstupanja utvrđenje u smešama za tov junadi I. Ispitivanjem sadržaja Ca i P utvrđeno je da u velikom broju slučajeva smeše sadrže nedovoljne ili nedozvoljene količine ovih makroelemenata. Ispitivanjem sadržaja celuloze utvrđeno je da u izvesnom broju slučajeva smeše sadrže količine koje su iznad zakonskih limita, a u velikom broju, iako odgovaraju Pravilniku, i nedovoljne količine. Broj saprofitskih bakterija vrlo varira, ali su svi pregledani uzorci sadržali dozvoljen broj saprofitskih bakterija. Determinacijom bakterija najčešće su izolovani Bacillus spp., koliformne bakterije Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. i Proteus spp. Većina ispitivanih uzoraka za ishranu goveda sadržala je dozvoljen broj klostridija, a u manjem broju uzoraka, uglavnom za junad, utvrđen je nedozvoljen broj klostridija. Broj gljivica plesni u smešama je značajno povećan, naročito u smešama za ishranu mladih životinja. Determinacijom plesni najčešće su izolovani Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. i Rhisopus spp. Od 27 analiziranih smeša na prisustvo mikotoksina u dozvoljenim granicama je bilo svega 59.3 posto smeša, pri čemu je neophodno da se istakne da u proteklom periodu uopšte smeše za telad nisu mikotoksikološki ispitivane. Najčešće prisutni mikotoksini su zearalenon i ohratoksin. AB - The paper presents the results of the analyses of the chemical composition of 220 samples, microbiological analyses of 204 samples, and mycotoxicological analyses of 27 samples of bovine feeds for different categories of cattle which arrived for control at authorized laboratories from the territory of the Republic of Serbia during the period from 1993 until 2003. The analyses of 202 bovine feed mix samples showed that as many as 71 feed mixes do not meet the quality condition on protein content envisaged by legal regulations and the highest discrepancy was determined in feed mixes for heifers. Analyses of Ca and P contents showed that the mixes in a large number of cases contain insufficient or not permitted quantities. The analyses of fiber content showed in a certain number of samples that the mixes contain quantities which are above legal regulations, and in a large number of cases insufficient quantities, although legally adequate. The number of saprophytic bacteria greatly varied, but all examined samples contained a permitted number of saprophytic bacteria. These analyses most often isolated Bacillus spp., colyform bacterias, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus spp. Most examined samples contained a permitted number of Clostridia, and a smaller number of samples, mostly for heifers, showed an impermissible number of Clostridia. The quantity of mold fungi in mixes was significantly higher especially in mixes for young animals. The determination of fungi most frequently resulted in the isolation of Penicillium spp., Mucor spp. Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Rhisopus spp. The mycotoxin analyses of 27 feed mixes showed that only 59.3% were within permitted levels, but it is important to emphasize that mixes for calves were not mycotoxicologically tested at all. The mycotoxins most often present were zearalenone and ochratoxin. PB - Beograd : Fakultet veterinarske medicine T2 - Veterinarski glasnik T1 - Pregled kvaliteta hrane za goveda T1 - Survey of quality of bovine feeds EP - 438 IS - 7-8 SP - 429 VL - 57 UR - conv_30 ER -
@article{ author = "Jakić-Dimić, Dobrila and Nešić, Ksenija and Sinovec, Zlatan J.", year = "2003", abstract = "U radu su prikazani rezultati analize hemijskog sastava 220 uzoraka mikrobiološke analize 204 uzorka i mikotoksikološke analize 27 uzoraka hrane namenjene za različite kategorije goveda. Hrana je pristizala u ovlašćene laboratorije na kontrolu sa teritorije Republike Srbije u periodu od 1993. do 2003. godine. Analizom smeša za ishranu goveda, od ukupno 202 uzorka utvrđeno je da čak u 71 slučaju smeše ne ispunjavaju uslove kvaliteta u pogledu sadržaja proteina predviđenog zakonskom regulativom, a najveći stepen odstupanja utvrđenje u smešama za tov junadi I. Ispitivanjem sadržaja Ca i P utvrđeno je da u velikom broju slučajeva smeše sadrže nedovoljne ili nedozvoljene količine ovih makroelemenata. Ispitivanjem sadržaja celuloze utvrđeno je da u izvesnom broju slučajeva smeše sadrže količine koje su iznad zakonskih limita, a u velikom broju, iako odgovaraju Pravilniku, i nedovoljne količine. Broj saprofitskih bakterija vrlo varira, ali su svi pregledani uzorci sadržali dozvoljen broj saprofitskih bakterija. Determinacijom bakterija najčešće su izolovani Bacillus spp., koliformne bakterije Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. i Proteus spp. Većina ispitivanih uzoraka za ishranu goveda sadržala je dozvoljen broj klostridija, a u manjem broju uzoraka, uglavnom za junad, utvrđen je nedozvoljen broj klostridija. Broj gljivica plesni u smešama je značajno povećan, naročito u smešama za ishranu mladih životinja. Determinacijom plesni najčešće su izolovani Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. i Rhisopus spp. Od 27 analiziranih smeša na prisustvo mikotoksina u dozvoljenim granicama je bilo svega 59.3 posto smeša, pri čemu je neophodno da se istakne da u proteklom periodu uopšte smeše za telad nisu mikotoksikološki ispitivane. Najčešće prisutni mikotoksini su zearalenon i ohratoksin., The paper presents the results of the analyses of the chemical composition of 220 samples, microbiological analyses of 204 samples, and mycotoxicological analyses of 27 samples of bovine feeds for different categories of cattle which arrived for control at authorized laboratories from the territory of the Republic of Serbia during the period from 1993 until 2003. The analyses of 202 bovine feed mix samples showed that as many as 71 feed mixes do not meet the quality condition on protein content envisaged by legal regulations and the highest discrepancy was determined in feed mixes for heifers. Analyses of Ca and P contents showed that the mixes in a large number of cases contain insufficient or not permitted quantities. The analyses of fiber content showed in a certain number of samples that the mixes contain quantities which are above legal regulations, and in a large number of cases insufficient quantities, although legally adequate. The number of saprophytic bacteria greatly varied, but all examined samples contained a permitted number of saprophytic bacteria. These analyses most often isolated Bacillus spp., colyform bacterias, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Proteus spp. Most examined samples contained a permitted number of Clostridia, and a smaller number of samples, mostly for heifers, showed an impermissible number of Clostridia. The quantity of mold fungi in mixes was significantly higher especially in mixes for young animals. The determination of fungi most frequently resulted in the isolation of Penicillium spp., Mucor spp. Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Rhisopus spp. The mycotoxin analyses of 27 feed mixes showed that only 59.3% were within permitted levels, but it is important to emphasize that mixes for calves were not mycotoxicologically tested at all. The mycotoxins most often present were zearalenone and ochratoxin.", publisher = "Beograd : Fakultet veterinarske medicine", journal = "Veterinarski glasnik", title = "Pregled kvaliteta hrane za goveda, Survey of quality of bovine feeds", pages = "438-429", number = "7-8", volume = "57", url = "conv_30" }
Jakić-Dimić, D., Nešić, K.,& Sinovec, Z. J.. (2003). Pregled kvaliteta hrane za goveda. in Veterinarski glasnik Beograd : Fakultet veterinarske medicine., 57(7-8), 429-438. conv_30
Jakić-Dimić D, Nešić K, Sinovec ZJ. Pregled kvaliteta hrane za goveda. in Veterinarski glasnik. 2003;57(7-8):429-438. conv_30 .
Jakić-Dimić, Dobrila, Nešić, Ksenija, Sinovec, Zlatan J., "Pregled kvaliteta hrane za goveda" in Veterinarski glasnik, 57, no. 7-8 (2003):429-438, conv_30 .